The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.